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Sunday, December 19, 2010

Four degrees of pronouns - एतद् etad इदम् idam अदस् adas तद् tad

There are four degrees of pronouns, based on proximity.

एतद् = etad = this (very close);
इदम् = idam = this (close);
अदस् = adas = that (away);
तद् = tad = that (not present, i.e. in absentia).

These are root words, their forms in three genders go very similarly.

masc.
एतद् = एषः एतौ एते
etad = eShaH etau ete

इदम् = अयम् इमौ इमे
idam = ayam imau ime

अदस् = असौ अमू अमी
adas = asau amU amI

तद् = सः तौ ते
tad = saH tau te


fem.
एतद् = एषा एते एताः
etad = eShA ete etAH

इदम् = इयम् इमे इमाः
idam = iyam ime imAH

अदस् = असौ अमू अमूः
adas = asau amU amUH

तद् = सा ते ताः
tad = sA te tAH


neutr.

एतद् = एतत् एते एतानि
etad = etat ete etAni

इदम् = इदम् इमे इमानि
idam = idam ime imAni

अदस् = अदः अमू अमूनि
adas = adaH amU amUni

तद् = तत् ते तानि
tad = tat te tAni


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7 comments:

  1. Wonderful information, excellent relational format. Thanks. Ravi, Bengaluru.

    ReplyDelete
  2. After hours of searching I found the difference. Thanks

    ReplyDelete
  3. Very useful information...my doubt has been cleared which i was unable to with books...thanks Sandhya, bangalore

    ReplyDelete
  4. धन्यवादः। इदम् अति उपयोगी ज्ञानम्।

    ReplyDelete
  5. Good compilation Shashikant !!!

    Thanks,
    Sainath
    Sringeri

    ReplyDelete
  6. Thanks for the info. Next time this is the site i will refer first.

    ReplyDelete
  7. Very practical way to teach the basics for a permanent learning process. Thank you, Sir.

    ReplyDelete

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