Sunday, December 19, 2010

Four degrees of pronouns - एतद् etad इदम् idam अदस् adas तद् tad

There are four degrees of pronouns, based on proximity.

एतद् = etad = this (very close);
इदम् = idam = this (close);
अदस् = adas = that (away);
तद् = tad = that (not present, i.e. in absentia).

These are root words, their forms in three genders go very similarly.

masc.
एतद् = एषः एतौ एते
etad = eShaH etau ete

इदम् = अयम् इमौ इमे
idam = ayam imau ime

अदस् = असौ अमू अमी
adas = asau amU amI

तद् = सः तौ ते
tad = saH tau te


fem.
एतद् = एषा एते एताः
etad = eShA ete etAH

इदम् = इयम् इमे इमाः
idam = iyam ime imAH

अदस् = असौ अमू अमूः
adas = asau amU amUH

तद् = सा ते ताः
tad = sA te tAH


neutr.

एतद् = एतत् एते एतानि
etad = etat ete etAni

इदम् = इदम् इमे इमानि
idam = idam ime imAni

अदस् = अदः अमू अमूनि
adas = adaH amU amUni

तद् = तत् ते तानि
tad = tat te tAni





(c) Shashikant Joshi । शशिकांत जोशी । ॐ सर्वे भवन्तु सुखिनः ।

16 comments:

  1. Wonderful information, excellent relational format. Thanks. Ravi, Bengaluru.

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  2. After hours of searching I found the difference. Thanks

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  3. Very useful information...my doubt has been cleared which i was unable to with books...thanks Sandhya, bangalore

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  4. धन्यवादः। इदम् अति उपयोगी ज्ञानम्।

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  5. Good compilation Shashikant !!!

    Thanks,
    Sainath
    Sringeri

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  6. Thanks for the info. Next time this is the site i will refer first.

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  7. Very practical way to teach the basics for a permanent learning process. Thank you, Sir.

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  8. excellent..very useful .thnqk u so much

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  9. Really you are supporting Sanskrit by quick answer you are the great

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  10. Thanks for the information. Just before my examination.

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  11. Thanks for the info. It gave a breakthrough in understanding the difference and made sense to note the lingabheda in the context before using the word.Appreciate the inspiring content on this site. DhanyavadaH!

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  12. Very good clarity has been given. Thanks you Teacher

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  13. तद् = tad = that (not present, i.e. in absentia)? U sure?
    Because as far as i have seen, that boy is going is written as स: बालक: गच्छति। And not असौ बालक: गच्छति।

    ReplyDelete

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