There are four degrees of pronouns, based on proximity.
एतद् = etad = this (very close);
इदम् = idam = this (close);
अदस् = adas = that (away);
तद् = tad = that (not present, i.e. in absentia).
These are root words, their forms in three genders go very similarly.
masc.
एतद् = एषः एतौ एते
etad = eShaH etau ete
इदम् = अयम् इमौ इमे
idam = ayam imau ime
अदस् = असौ अमू अमी
adas = asau amU amI
तद् = सः तौ ते
tad = saH tau te
fem.
एतद् = एषा एते एताः
etad = eShA ete etAH
इदम् = इयम् इमे इमाः
idam = iyam ime imAH
अदस् = असौ अमू अमूः
adas = asau amU amUH
तद् = सा ते ताः
tad = sA te tAH
neutr.
एतद् = एतत् एते एतानि
etad = etat ete etAni
इदम् = इदम् इमे इमानि
idam = idam ime imAni
अदस् = अदः अमू अमूनि
adas = adaH amU amUni
तद् = तत् ते तानि
tad = tat te tAni
(c) Shashikant Joshi । शशिकांत जोशी । ॐ सर्वे भवन्तु सुखिनः ।
Wonderful information, excellent relational format. Thanks. Ravi, Bengaluru.
ReplyDeleteAfter hours of searching I found the difference. Thanks
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ReplyDeleteधन्यवादः। इदम् अति उपयोगी ज्ञानम्।
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Sainath
Sringeri
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ReplyDeleteVery good clarity has been given. Thanks you Teacher
ReplyDeleteतद् = tad = that (not present, i.e. in absentia)? U sure?
ReplyDeleteBecause as far as i have seen, that boy is going is written as स: बालक: गच्छति। And not असौ बालक: गच्छति।